Diabetes: A Deadly Problem

When we eat, our body normally turns food into glucose, and a hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into body cells. In diabetes, however, too much glucose stays in the blood. As a result, two problems occur: body cells become starved for energy, and, over time, the high glucose levels can damage the nerves, eyes, kidneys, heart and blood vessels.

There are two main kinds of diabetes:

1.) Noninsulin-dependent diabetes (type II diabetes): The most common form of diabetes, accounting for 90 to 95 percent of all cases. People with this condition either don't produce enough insulin to control glucose levels or their cells simply do not respond to the insulin.

2.) Insulin-dependent diabetes (type I diabetes): It is much less common but more severe. This condition is caused by damage to the pancreas, an organ near the stomach that contains beta cells, which produce insulin. Without insulin-producing beta cells, glucose builds up in the blood.

Researchers think diabetes is caused by a combination of genes and also by lifestyle. Some of the factors put many people at risk like: Obesity, Inactivity, A family history of diabetes, Belonging to certain ethnic groups (genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes is higher among blacks, Hispanic Americans, American Indians, Asians and Pacific Islanders), Developing gestational diabetes during a pregnancy or giving birth to an infant that weighs nine pounds or more.

Treatment of diabetes

1.) Eating a healthy diet
2.) Exercise
3.) Glucose Testing
4.) Drugs: Rezulin, Rezulin--Avandia and Actos (for type- II diabetes), other pills like sulfonylureas, Prandin
5.) Insulin Speeds:

a. Fast-acting (regular) insulin. Regular insulin reaches the bloodstream in only 30 minutes. It reaches its peak action in two to three hours.

b. Intermediate-acting (NPH or lente) insulin. Lente insulin takes two to four hours to reach the bloodstream. And reaches peak action in four to 12 hours.

c. Long-acting (ultralente) insulin. Ultralente insulin reaches the bloodstream in six to 10 hours, and lasts in the blood 18 to 20 hours (it doesn't have peak action).